Pearl

A rare treasure from the sea.
Overview
Pearl is a special item that can be obtained in a number of ways. It is among the rarest collectible items in Stardew Valley, and it has several practical uses beyond simple sale value.
Pearls can be found from a variety of late-game and chance-based sources, including Golden Fishing Treasure Chests, the Night Market submarine ride, Blobfish Fish Ponds with a high enough population, Mystery Boxes, Golden Mystery Boxes, Artifact Troves, and the Mermaid Boat at the Night Market. It can also be obtained as a guaranteed reward from SquidFest on Winter 12, from solving Journal Scrap #6 on Ginger Island, from 

- Golden Fishing Treasure Chest: 7% chance
- Night Market submarine ride: 0.4% chance, or 0.9% with a
Curiosity Lure
- Blobfish Fish Pond with at least 9 population: 1.7%–1.9% chance
- Mystery Box: 0.49% chance
- Golden Mystery Box: 0.94% chance
Artifact Trove: 3.7% chance
- SquidFest: guaranteed gold-tier reward on Winter 12
- Journal Scrap #6: one Pearl
- Crab Fish Pond milestone: one Pearl from Willy after filling a Fish Pond with 10 Crabs
- The Mines: possible forage after the Shrine of Challenge is activated or during Danger In The Deep
- Mermaid Boat: one Pearl for clicking the clam shells in the correct sequence from Secret Note #15
The Mermaid Boat reward is especially notable because it can only be obtained once per save file, or once per player in Multiplayer. Pearls are universally loved as gifts, can be sold for a good price, and can be placed into Fish Tanks. They are also used in tailoring, and the Desert Trader in the Calico Desert sells one Birch Double Bed for one Pearl.
Official description
A rare treasure from the sea.